Though not as common as breast or lung cancer, bladder cancer is a disease older adults need to be aware of. The average age of being diagnosed with bladder cancer is 73, with 90% of cases diagnosed in people 55 and older. Men are particularly at risk. In their lifetime, men have about a 1 in 28 chance of developing the bladder cancer and women about 1 in 91. To top it off, a report from the American Cancer Society estimates there will be a 2.2% overall increase in bladder cancer cases in 2025 – with a projected increase of 3.1% in men.
What are the risks of developing bladder cancer?
First let’s discuss the risk factors of getting bladder cancer and symptoms to watch out for.
Risk factors include:
- Age: More common in adults older than 55, especially in men
- Smoking: Linked to nearly half of bladder cancers
- Chemical exposure: Common in industries like rubber, leather and printing
- Chronic bladder problems: Infections, catheter use
- Radiation or chemotherapy: Especially for other pelvic cancers
What are the five warning signs of bladder cancer?
Early warning signs include:
- Blood in the urine (it may look pink, orange, or dark red)
- Pain while urinating
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- The urge to urinate, even when your bladder is empty
- Lower back pain, usually on one side
If you experience any of these symptoms, talk to your doctor. Blood in the urine is the most common sign and should never be ignored.
What are the types of bladder cancer?
There are three main types of bladder cancer:
- Urothelial carcinoma (transitional cell carcinoma): The most common type
- Squamous cell carcinoma: Linked to chronic bladder irritation
- Adenocarcinoma: A rare form that starts in gland-like cells
Most bladder cancers are detected early, when they are still confined to the inner surface of the bladder lining. Bladder cancer is treatable, especially if found early.
Do clinicians screen older adults for bladder cancer?
Routine screening for bladder cancer is not recommended for people without symptoms. However, if you have risk factors or warning signs, your doctor may order a urinalysis, urine cytology or cystoscopy (a procedure using a small camera to look inside your bladder).
Talk with your doctor about screening if you:
- Smoke or used to smoke
- Have frequent bladder infections
- Have been exposed to chemicals at work (such as dyes or rubber)
What are the treatments for bladder cancer?
Treatment will depend on the stage of the cancer, overall health of the patient and the type of cancer. Common options include:
- Surgery to remove the tumor or part of the bladder
- Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells
- Immunotherapy to help your body fight cancer
- Radiation therapy in some cases
For early-stage cancers, doctors may perform transurethral resection (removing tumors through the urethra) followed by medications placed directly into the bladder.
Is bladder cancer hereditary?
In most cases, bladder cancer is not inherited. However, you may be at higher risk if you have:
- Close family members with bladder cancer
- Certain gene mutations or syndromes
- A history of early-onset cancers in your family
If you’re concerned about your family history, ask your doctor about genetic counseling.
As with most cancers, early detection and treatment of bladder cancer makes a difference. Be aware of the symptoms, understand your risk and consult your doctor about any changes in your health. Seeing your doctor regularly and staying informed about your body are two of the best ways to maintain your health as you age.
For more resources on healthy aging and preventive care, visit www.wellmedhealthcare.com.
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