Heart disease is the No. 1 cause of death for adults in the United States, and stroke ranks as the fifth leading cause of death and a major cause of disability. These conditions affect everyone, but the risks are even higher for Black Americans.
Historical and systemic factors, including adverse social determinants of health — limited access to health care, healthy foods and safe environments — play a major role in these disparities. Stress, racism and economic challenges further compound the problem.
Why are risks higher for Black Americans?
Black Americans are more likely to develop heart disease and die from it than white Americans. This is due to a combination of medical factors, including high blood pressure and diabetes, and social factors such as food insecurity and housing instability. Chronic stress and systemic racism also contribute to these health disparities.[1]
Common risk factors
High blood pressure – The prevalence of high blood pressure among Black Americans is among the highest in the world. Known as the ‘silent killer,’ hypertension often has no symptoms but can cause severe damage to the heart and arteries. It tends to develop earlier and be more severe in Black individuals compared to white individuals. A normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mm Hg; consistent readings of 130/80 mm Hg or higher indicate hypertension. Regular monitoring and working with a health care professional are essential for people with high blood pressure.[2]
Obesity – Black Americans are disproportionately affected by obesity, partly due to limited access to affordable healthy foods. Obesity increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and certain cancers. Healthy eating habits — consuming more fruits and vegetables, choosing lean meats like chicken or fish and opting for whole grains — can help reduce risk. Avoid sugary drinks and high-calorie snacks.[3]
Diabetes – Diabetes is another major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Black Americans are more likely to have diabetes than white Americans. Type 2 diabetes can often be prevented or managed through healthy habits, including regular exercise. Adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week, such as walking or biking.[1]
Social determinants and systemic challenges – Black Americans experience disparities in getting routine care and needed medications to lower LDL or “bad” cholesterol. A study showed that people from racial and ethnic groups were less likely to get approval from their insurance for certain types of medicines to lower cholesterol. When they did get approval, they were less likely to fill their prescription. This placed them at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease. [4]
What can you do?
The good news is that lifestyle changes can significantly reduce risk. Start with these steps:
- Check your blood pressure regularly and seek treatment if it’s high.
- Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains.
- Exercise regularly—at least 150 minutes of moderate activity weekly.
- Get enough sleep to reduce stress and support heart health.
- Work with your doctor for regular checkups and early detection.
Key statistics
- In 2024, Black adults were diagnosed with hypertension 26% more frequently than the total population.
- From 2017–2020, Black adults with high blood pressure had their condition under control 18% less often than the total population.
- In 2022, non-Hispanic Black people died from heart disease 35% more frequently than the total population.[5]
Final thoughts
Heart disease and stroke are serious threats, especially in the Black community. Understanding the risks and taking proactive steps such as monitoring blood pressure, eating a healthy diet and staying active, can make a significant difference. Share this information with family and friends, because heart health matters for everyone.
References
[1] Black People, Heart Disease and Stroke | American Heart Association
[3] Obesity and Black/African Americans | Office of Minority Health
[4] Black American Risks for Heart Disease and Stroke – Family Heart Foundation
[5] Heart Disease and Black/African Americans | Office of Minority Health
